Medicare / IRMAA / Appeal check
Can you lower your IRMAA? A free check for form SSA-44
Answer a few questions from your Social Security notice. You will see whether your situation is one SSA lists, which tax year to ask about, what it could save, and what to send. It runs in your browser: what you type is never sent or stored, and it never asks for your Social Security number.
Short answer
If your income went down because of one of the eight life-changing events SSA lists, you can ask Social Security to use a more recent year's income to set your IRMAA, with form SSA-44. The form is free. You can fill it out and submit it online after signing in to SSA, fax or mail it to a Social Security office, or ask by phone or at an appointment without the form.96123
Source: SSA · checked Oct 30, 2026
You do not need to pay anyone to do this
- Form SSA-44 is free, like every Social Security form.6 You do not even have to use it: you can ask by phone or at an appointment.5
- Social Security helps for free: call 1-800-772-1213 (TTY 1-800-325-0778) and say you want to lower your IRMAA because of a life-changing event.3
- Your State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIP) gives free Medicare counseling.78
MedCost Clear is independent and is not part of Social Security or Medicare. This check applies SSA's published rules to your answers; it is not tax or legal advice, and only SSA decides your IRMAA.
The check
Choose what happened to see your result.
Filing pack (coming soon)
Everything above is free and stays free. The pack is for people who would rather not piece it together: a PDF made from your answers, in your browser, with
- what to write on each line of SSA-44 for your situation;
- the documents SSA asks for after your event, as a checklist;
- step-by-step for each way to file: online, fax or mail, or phone and appointment, with SSA's links;
- a short cover letter to send with it;
- what happens after you file, and how to ask for reconsideration if SSA says no.
$29, one time. Made and saved on your own device; we never see your answers, and it never asks for your Social Security number. If it doesn't help, ask for a refund within 14 days. The form and SSA's help remain free either way.
Not available yet. Everything you need to file is free on this page and from SSA.
What SSA's rules say
The eight life-changing events
SSA can make a new decision using a more recent year's income if your income went down because of one of these. SSA's manual says the list is exclusive.9 The income drop has to be big enough to lower or remove your IRMAA.12 The event can be from any time in the past.13
- Marriage, divorce or annulment, death of your spouse. For divorce, SSA-44 means your marriage ended and you will not file a joint return with that spouse for the year.31
- Work stoppage or work reduction, by you or your spouse: for example retirement, a lay-off, selling your business, partial retirement, or going from full-time to part-time.3938
- Loss of income-producing property that was not your choice, such as a disaster, arson, disease in crops or livestock, or theft or fraud.32 Selling, gifting or transferring property does not count.40
- Loss of pension income from a traditional defined benefit or cash balance plan, because the plan failed or ended, or a payout you chose earlier has run out.41
- An employer settlement payment because the employer closed, went bankrupt or reorganized.36
What does not count
SSA's manual gives these as examples that are not life-changing events: ordinary loss of dividend income, higher medical or living expenses, loss of child support or alimony, and the voluntary sale of income-producing property.10 A one-time jump in income, such as capital gains from selling property, an IRA conversion, cashing bonds, or lottery or casino winnings, does not count either.11 Selling a home is not on the list.
Which year to ask about
- The year you ask SSA to use must be more recent than the one on your notice, and the event must have happened that year or earlier.1918
- Use this year (the premium year) if your income is lower this year than last year; otherwise use last year.2021 If you have not filed a return for that year yet, you give SSA an estimate.26
- Income here means adjusted gross income (Form 1040 line 11) plus tax-exempt interest (line 2a).23 If you expect next year to be lower still, the form's Step 3 takes that estimate too.24
- If SSA used a return from three years before the premium year, you can ask it to use the one from two years before, even without a life-changing event.22
What to send
For your income: if you have filed the return for that year, a signed copy or an IRS transcript; if you gave an estimate, a signed copy once you file.2526 For the event, SSA must see original documents or certified copies, and mails back originals you send.2728 SSA-44 lists, by event:
| Event | Evidence SSA-44 lists |
|---|---|
| Marriage | An original marriage certificate, or a certified copy of the public record of the marriage.50 |
| Divorce or annulment | A certified copy of the divorce or annulment decree. SSA-44 counts this only if you will not file a joint return with that spouse for the year.51 |
| Death of your spouse | A certified copy of the death certificate, of the public record of death, or of a coroner's certificate.52 |
| Work stoppage or reduction | An original signed statement from your employer, copies of pay stubs, or documents showing the transfer of your business. Without these, SSA accepts your signed statement on the form, under penalty of perjury.53 |
| Loss of income-producing property | An insurance adjuster's statement of loss, or a letter from a state or federal government about the uncompensated loss. For investment fraud, also proof of the conviction.54 |
| Loss of pension income | A letter or statement from the pension fund administrator explaining the reduction or end of your benefits.55 |
| Employer settlement payment | A letter from the employer stating the settlement terms of the bankruptcy court and how they affect you or your spouse.56 |
SSA estimates the form takes about 45 minutes to read, gather the facts and answer.34
How to file
- Online: sign in on SSA's "Request to lower an IRMAA" page to fill out and submit SSA-44.1 ssa.gov/medicare/lower-irmaa
- Fax or mail: fill out the PDF form and fax or mail it, with your evidence, to a Social Security office.2 Form SSA-44 (PDF) · Find your local office
- Phone or appointment: call 1-800-772-1213, or sign in to schedule an appointment.34
- Different situations: an amended tax return or wrong IRS income goes another way (call SSA, or correct it with the IRS).4847 If you filed married-separately but lived apart all year, call SSA instead of using SSA-44.35
When it takes effect, and after you file
- If you had Part B all year, SSA's manual says the new decision is effective in January of that year.15 An event in October to December can also lower the previous year if SSA gets the request by March 31.14
- Your request covers only you; a spouse who also pays IRMAA asks separately.16
- SSA checks estimates with the IRS later; if your estimate changes, tell SSA.3733
- If you disagree with a decision, you can ask for reconsideration within 60 days of receiving the notice; SSA counts receipt as 5 days after the notice date.42 SSA says appealing online is fastest; in writing, use Form SSA-561-U2.4546 Next would be a hearing before an administrative law judge in HHS's Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals.44 You can appeal and ask for a new decision at the same time.43
The 2026 brackets used in the check are on our IRMAA brackets page (CMS).49
Official sources for this page (56)
“Sign in to fill out and submit Medicare Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount-Life Changing Event (SSA-44).”
SSA: Request to lower an IRMAA · as of Oct 30, 2026“Fill out the Medicare Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount – Life-Changing Event (SSA-44) (PDF) form. Fax or mail your completed form and evidence to a Social Security office.”
SSA: Request to lower an IRMAA · as of Oct 30, 2026“Tell the representative you want to lower your Medicare Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount (IRMAA) due to a life-changing event.”
SSA: Request to lower an IRMAA · as of Oct 30, 2026“You’ll need to create an account if you don’t have one. After you sign in, we’ll help you schedule an appointment to complete this task.”
SSA: Request to lower an IRMAA · as of Oct 30, 2026“You do not have to complete this form in order to ask that we use your information about your modified adjusted gross income for a more recent tax year.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“All forms are free.”
SSA: Social Security forms · as of Oct 30, 2026“Get free health insurance counseling”
Medicare.gov: Talk to someone · as of Oct 30, 2026“State Health Insurance Assistance Programs (SHIPs) help people with Medicare and their families:”
Medicare.gov: Talk to someone · as of Oct 30, 2026“Our list of LCEs for IRMAA purposes is exclusive.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.005: Life Changing Events · as of Oct 30, 2026“Some examples of events and reductions in MAGI or income that are not LCEs are: • Ordinary loss of dividend income; • Higher medical expenses; • Higher living expenses; • Loss of child support; • Loss of alimony; or • Voluntary sale of income-producing property.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.005: Life Changing Events · as of Oct 30, 2026“Some examples of one-time income that cause an increase and are non-qualifying events (NQEs) include: • Capital gains from the sale of property; • Lottery winnings; • Casino winnings; • Conversion of an IRA; or • Cashing bonds.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.005: Life Changing Events · as of Oct 30, 2026“A “significant” reduction in MAGI is a reduction that decreases or eliminates the income-related monthly adjustment amount (IRMAA) for a specific tax year.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.005: Life Changing Events · as of Oct 30, 2026“A beneficiary may request a new initial determination any time after an LCE and a significant reduction in MAGI has occurred. The LCE may have occurred at any time in the past.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.005: Life Changing Events · as of Oct 30, 2026“Ordinarily, we do not make a determination retroactive to a prior premium year on a new initial determination, unless the LCE causing the reduction occurs in the last three calendar months of the immediately prior premium year and we receive the request for a new initial determination for the preceding premium year by March 31, of the current premium year.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.005: Life Changing Events · as of Oct 30, 2026“If Part B enrollment was effective for the entire year that the beneficiary made the request, the effective date of the new initial determination is January of that year.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.005: Life Changing Events · as of Oct 30, 2026“A report of an LCE with a significant reduction in MAGI applies only to the beneficiary reporting.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.005: Life Changing Events · as of Oct 30, 2026“If you do not have to pay an income-related monthly adjustment amount, you should not fill out this form even if you experienced a life-changing event.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“The life-changing event date must be in the same year or an earlier year than the tax year you ask us to use to decide your income-related premium adjustment.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“The year you choose must be more recent than the year of the tax return information we used. The letter that we sent you tells you what tax year we used.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Choose this year (the "premium year") - if your modified adjusted gross income is lower this year than last year.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Choose last year (the year before the "premium year," which is the year for which you want us to adjust your IRMAA) - if your MAGI is not lower this year than last year.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Exception: If we used IRS information about your MAGI 3 years before the premium year, you may ask us to use information from 2 years before the premium year.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Your MAGI is your adjusted gross income as used on line 11 of IRS form 1040 plus your tax-exempt interest income as used on line 2a of IRS form 1040.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Complete this step only if you expect that your MAGI for next year will be even lower.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“If you have filed your Federal Income tax return for the year you wrote in Step 2, then you must provide us with your signed copy of your tax return or a transcript from IRS.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“If you provided an estimate in Step 2, you must show us a signed copy of your tax return when you file your Federal income tax return for that year.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“We must see original documents or certified copies of evidence that the life-changing event occurred.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Attach the required evidence and we will mail your original documents or certified copies back to you;”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Note: In the absence of such proof, we will accept your signed statement, under penalty of perjury, on this form, that you parially or dully stopped working or accepted a job with reduced compensation.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“If the loss was due to investment fraud (theft), we also require proof of conviction for the theft, such as a court document citing theft or fraud relating to your or your spouse's loss.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Divorce / Annulment Your legal marriage ended, and you will not file a joint return with your spouse for the year.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“You or your spouse experienced a loss of income-producing property that was not at your direction (e.g., not due to the sale or transfer of the property).”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“If your estimate of your MAGI changes, or you amend your tax return for that reason, you will need to contact us to update our records.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“We estimate that it will take about 45 minutes to read the instructions, gather the facts, and answer the questions.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“If we used information from IRS about a tax year when your filing status was Married filing separately, but you lived apart from your spouse at all times during that year, you should contact us at 1-800-772-1213 (TTY 1-800-325-0778) to explain that you lived apart from your spouse.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“You or your spouse receive a settlement from an employer or former employer because of the employer's bankruptcy or reorganization.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“we will later check with the IRS to verify your report.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Some examples of work hour reductions would be partial retirement or a change from full-time employment to part-time employment.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.025: Work Reduction · as of Oct 30, 2026“Some examples would be retirement, lay-off, and/or sale of business or corporation.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.030: Work Stoppage · as of Oct 30, 2026“A loss due to donation, gift, sale or transfer of income-producing property is not considered a loss beyond the beneficiary's control and does not qualify for a new initial determination using a more recent tax year.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.035: Loss of Income-Producing Property · as of Oct 30, 2026“In order to qualify as an LCE based on a reduction or cessation of pension income, the pension must be 1. A traditional defined benefit pension plan or a Cash Balance plan, and 2. The loss of income is the result of: a. A plan failure or termination (e.g. through bankruptcy restructuring), or b. A scheduled cessation that the beneficiary made a decision about some time in the past.”
SSA POMS HI 01120.040: Reduction or Loss of Pension Income · as of Oct 30, 2026“can file a request for reconsideration within 60 days of receipt of an IRMAA determination notice. Date Received means 5 days after the date on the notice unless the individual shows that they did not receive it within the 5-day period.”
SSA POMS HI 01140.001: Overview of the IRMAA appeals process · as of Oct 30, 2026“A beneficiary can file an appeal of the IRMAA determination and file a request for a new initial determination at the same time.”
SSA POMS HI 01140.001: Overview of the IRMAA appeals process · as of Oct 30, 2026“A Hearing before a Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) in the Office of Medicare Hearings and Appeals (OMHA)”
SSA POMS HI 01140.001: Overview of the IRMAA appeals process · as of Oct 30, 2026“If you disagree with the decision we made about your income-related monthly adjustment amounts, you have the right to appeal. The fastest and easiest way to file an appeal of your decision is online.”
SSA: Medicare Premiums: Rules for Higher-Income Beneficiaries · as of Oct 30, 2026“You may also request an appeal in writing by completing a Request for Reconsideration (Form SSA-561-U2), or contact your local Social Security office.”
SSA: Medicare Premiums: Rules for Higher-Income Beneficiaries · as of Oct 30, 2026“If you disagree with the MAGI amount we received from the IRS, you must correct the information with the IRS.”
SSA: Medicare Premiums: Rules for Higher-Income Beneficiaries · as of Oct 30, 2026“If you amended your tax return, and it changes the income we count to determine the income-related monthly adjustment amounts (your MAGI), let us know.”
SSA: Medicare Premiums: Rules for Higher-Income Beneficiaries · as of Oct 30, 2026“Less than or equal to $109,000 Less than or equal to $218,000 $0.00 $202.90”
CMS: 2026 Medicare Parts A & B Premiums and Deductibles (fact sheet, Nov 14, 2025) · as of Oct 24, 2026“Marriage An original marriage certificate: or a certified copy of a public record of marriage.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Divorce/Annulment A certified copy of the decree of divorce or annulment.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Death of Your Spouse A certified copy of a death certificate, certified copy of the public record of death, or a certified copy of a coroner's certificate.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“An original signed statement from your employer; copies of pay stubs; original or certified documents that show a transfer of your business.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“An original copy of an insurance company adjuster's statement of loss or a letter from a State or Federal government about the uncompensated loss.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“Loss of Pension Income A letter or statement from your pension fund administrator that explains the reduction or termination of your benefits.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026“A letter from the employer stating the settlement terms of the bankruptcy court and how it affects you or your spouse.”
SSA: Form SSA-44 (12-2025) and its instructions · as of Oct 30, 2026